Is the animal rights movement spending too much energy making exploitation a little less cruel by working for welfare reforms? Welfare reforms can reduce immediate suffering in the short term, while abolitionists keep the vision of freedom alive and expand what society believes is possible. But history shows us: when welfare becomes the main story of our movement, the public starts to see cruelty (not exploitation) as the problem, and kindness (not freedom) as the solution. Our challenge is not to choose between these approaches, but to ensure they reinforce each other – that reforms bring us closer to ending exploitation rather than normalizing it in a different form.
Every social justice movement has been told to slow down. To be realistic. To settle for what seems possible rather than what’s right. When we look at how far society still is from animal freedom, it can feel that progress for farmed animals is only possible through small steps – a new corporate policy, cage-free eggs, slower-growing chickens, larger sheds, more natural light…
Each step counts. Every improvement eases suffering, and every life made a little less painful matters. But a question has been growing louder in our movement: Are we losing our boldness by asking for too little? If our dream is a world where every being can live freely, is our movement spending too much energy making exploitation a little less cruel? And are we unintentionally playing into the hands of an industry that wants us focused on bigger cages rather than freedom itself?
This is not a criticism of those working for welfare reforms. Those campaigns are vital for the animals trapped in the system today. But if welfare becomes our ceiling rather than a stepping stone to freedom, we risk losing sight of what our movement is here to do – end the system, not reform it. Perhaps we need to ask an even harder question: By focusing on welfare as the most ‘realistic’ route to freedom, could we be slowing our progress? If animal freedom sounds too bold for where society is right now, history has something to teach us.
In Britain and America, early anti-slavery campaigners were often white reformers – sincere and devout, yet cautious. They focused on improving the ‘welfare’ of enslaved people, campaigning for shorter ‘working’ hours, better conditions on slave ships, policing the slave trade, and gradual change. They sought to ease suffering within the system rather than dismantle it entirely, and tried to persuade abolitionists – who fought to end slavery outright – to take a more gradual, ‘realistic’ path.
Fortunately, many abolitionists refused to be swayed. They held firm in their belief that ending slavery was the only possible outcome. They weren’t here to push for better slavery – they were here for freedom. If the movement to end slavery had made welfare its goal, abolition might never have been achieved. The moral argument that won was not that slavery should be ‘kinder’, but that no person should ever be owned… Abolition succeeded because it united survivor stories, moral clarity, political pressure and direct action. It shifted what society believed was possible.
The same moral truth applies to our movement. Fellow animals do not want bigger cages or ‘kinder’ killings – they want freedom. If we make welfare the limit of our ambition, we risk defending the very system they need us to end… Welfare reforms can reduce immediate suffering in the short term, while abolitionists keep the vision of freedom alive and expand what society believes is possible. But history shows us: when welfare becomes the main story of our movement, the public starts to see cruelty (not exploitation) as the problem, and kindness (not freedom) as the solution.
Our challenge is not to choose between these approaches, but to ensure they reinforce each other – that reforms bring us closer to ending exploitation rather than normalising it in a different form. When it comes to other issues of animal exploitation – ‘fur’ farms, hunting foxes, dolphinariums or ‘wild’ animals used in circuses – our movement did not only push for welfare reforms. We demanded an end to them – and in the UK, we won.
Those bans did not start out popular. Years of campaigning made the harm impossible to ignore, framed it as a violation of our values, and over time public support grew. If our movement had chosen to make these forms of exploitation ‘kinder’, they might still be happening today…
When most of our movement’s energy goes into improving life trapped inside the system, rather than challenging the system itself, we risk reinforcing the idea that farming animals is acceptable if it’s done the ‘right way’. Instead of asking whether it’s right to own, confine and kill anyone, we unintentionally encourage people to see animal exploitation as something to improve, rather than end.
Lately, we’ve seen efforts to redirect the fire and creativity of grassroots energy into corporate cage-free campaigns. After years of hard work and investment, it’s understandable that some feel these approaches need fresh energy. But when bolder tactics are used for smaller goals, are we at risk of shrinking our ambition and losing sight of our larger purpose? The power of grassroots action lies not only in winning specific changes, but in expanding the horizon of what people believe is possible.
That’s not to say we abandon system reforms. We can still aim for strategic wins that are milestones on the way to freedom. Whether it’s ending factory farming first, making public meals plant-based as the norm, or stopping new factory farms being built, each step can ease harm now and make the next big ask even easier…
It’s easy to feel that freedom lies far in the future and that the best hope for our lifetime is to try to reduce harm. But hope is more than a feeling – it’s a choice. It’s the decision to act as though change is possible, and within reach. Whether our work focuses on incremental reform or systemic transformation, what can unite us is the belief that a different world can be built. Because if we don’t believe we can win animal freedom, we will never build the movement that can achieve it. PROJECT PHOENIX
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